03/07/2024
āĻĒā§āϰāϤā§āϝā§āĻāĻāĻž āĻŽā§āĻĻā§āϰāĻžāϰāĻ āĻāĻĒāĻŋāĻ āĻāĻĒāĻŋāĻ āĻĨāĻžāĻā§āĨ¤ āĻāĻŋāĻā§āĻĻāĻŋāύ āĻāĻā§ āĻāĻāĻāύā§āϰ āĻĢā§āĻāϏāĻŦā§āĻ āϏā§āĻā§āϰāĻŋāϤ⧠āĻĻā§āĻāϞāĻžāĻŽ āϏā§āĻāĻžāύ⧠āϞā§āĻāĻž āĻāĻŋāϞ "āĻŽāĻžāϤā§āϤā§āĻŦ āϤā§āĻŽāĻŋ āĻāϝāĻŧāĻāĻāϰ āϏā§āύā§āĻĻāϰ" āĨ¤ āĻāĻāĻž āϝāĻĻāĻŋ āĻŽā§āĻĻā§āϰāĻžāϰ āĻāĻāĻĒāĻŋāĻ āĻšāϝāĻŧ , āϤāĻžāĻšāϞ⧠āĻ
āύā§āϝ āĻĒāĻŋāĻ ā§ āĻšāϝāĻŧāϤ⧠āĻĨāĻžāĻāĻŦā§ "Infertility ". āĻāϰ āĻāύāĻĢāĻžāϰā§āĻāĻŋāϞāĻŋāĻāĻŋāϰ āĻā§āĻŦ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻāĻŋāϤ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻāĻžāϰāĻŖ āĻšāĻā§āĻā§ āĻĢāĻžāĻāĻŦā§āϰāϝāĻŧā§āĻĄ (Fibroid), āĻ
āύā§āĻā§ āϝāĻžāĻā§ āĻāϰāĻžāϝāĻŧā§āϰ āĻāĻŋāĻāĻŽāĻžāϰ āĻšāĻŋāϏā§āĻŦā§ āĻāĻžāύāĻŋāĨ¤ āĻĢāĻžāĻāĻŦā§āϰāϝāĻŧā§āĻĄ āĻĢāĻžāĻāύāĻžāϞ āĻĒā§āϰāĻĢ āĻĒāϰā§āĻā§āώāĻžāϰā§āĻĨā§āĻĻā§āϰ āĻāύā§āϝ āĻ
āύā§āĻ āĻā§āϰā§āϤā§āĻŦāĻĒā§āϰā§āĻŖ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻāĻĒāĻŋāĻāĨ¤ āĻŽā§āĻāĻžāĻŽā§āĻāĻŋ āĻ
āύā§āĻāĻā§āĻ āĻāĻžāĻāĻāĻžāϰ āĻĻāĻŋāύ āϞāĻ āĻā§āĻāϏ⧠āĻāĻāĻž āĻĢā§āĻāϏ āĻāϰāϤ⧠āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤āϤāĻžāĻšāϞ⧠āĻāĻāĻā§ āĻāĻ āĻĢāĻžāĻāĻŦā§āϰāϝāĻŧā§āĻĄ āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧā§āĻ āĻāĻŋāĻā§ āĻāĻĨāĻž āĻŦāϞāĻž āϝāĻžāĻāĨ¤
đĢđĢāĻāĻŦāĻŋ: Large Fibroid uterus of 38 years old unmarried female, weighted about 3.5kgđĢđĢ
đĨāĻĢāĻžāĻāĻŦā§āϰāϝāĻŧā§āĻĄ āĻāĻž āĻāϏāϞ⧠āĻāĻŋ?
â
ī¸Fibroid is the most common benign tumour of the uterus composed of smooth muscle and fibrous connective tissue enclosed by a pseudocapsule.
âī¸āĻāĻ āϏāĻŋāĻāĻĄā§āϰā§āĻā§āϝāĻžāĻĒāϏā§āϞā§āϰ āĻā§āϰā§āϤā§āĻŦāĻāĻž āĻāĻŋ?
āĻāϤ⧠āϝ⧠āĻāĻžāϞāĻžāϰ āĻĻā§āĻā§ identify āĻāϰ⧠proper incision āĻĻā§āϝāĻŧāĻž āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧ l
đ°āĻĢāĻžāĻāĻŦā§āϰāϝāĻŧā§āĻĄ āĻŽā§āϞāϤ āĻāϏā§āĻā§āϰā§āĻā§āύ āĻĄāĻŋāĻĒā§āύā§āĻĄā§āύā§āĻ āĻāĻŋāĻāĻŽāϰāĨ¤
âĄī¸Growth potentiality is limited during child bearing peroid.
âĄī¸Increased growth during pregnancy They do not occur before menarche.
âĄī¸Following menopause, there is often cessation of growth and there is no new growth at all.
âĄī¸It contains more oestrogen receptors than the adjacent myometrium
âĄī¸Frequent association of anovulation.
â ī¸â ī¸â ī¸āĻāĻ āϝ⧠āĻŦāϞāϞāĻžāĻŽ āĻāύāĻĢāĻžāϰā§āĻāĻŋāĻāĻžāϞāĻŋāĻāĻŋāϰ āĻāĻāĻāĻž āĻāĻžāϰāĻŖ āĻšāĻā§āĻā§ āĻĢāĻžāĻāĻŦā§āϰāϝāĻŧā§āĻĄâ ī¸â ī¸â ī¸āĻāϏāϞ⧠āĻā§āύ?
đ´Uterine cause-
a. Distortion and/or elongation of the uterine cavity â difficult s***m ascent b. b.Preventing rhythmic uterine contraction due to fibroids during in*******se â impaired s***m transport.
c. Congestion and dilatation of the endometrial venous plexuses â defective nidation
d. Atrophy and ulceration of the endometrium over the submucous fibroids â defective implantation
e. Menorrhagia and dyspareunia
đ´ Tubal cause-
a. Cornual block due to position of the fibroid
b. Marked elongation of the tube over a big fibroid .
c.Associated salpingitis with tubal block
đ´ Ovarian : Anovulation
đ´ Peritoneal :Endometriosis
đ´Unknown (majority)
âī¸āϤāĻžāĻšāϞ⧠āĻāĻžāĻĻā§āϰ āĻāĻ āĻĢāĻžāĻāĻŦā§āϰāϝāĻŧā§āĻĄ āĻšāĻāϝāĻŧāĻžāϰ āϏāĻŽā§āĻāĻžāĻŦāύāĻž āĻŦā§āĻļāĻŋāĨ¤
What are the aetiology/Risk factors of fibroid uterus?
1. Rare before 20,mainly 35-45 years age
2. Early menarche
3. Nulliparity
4. Obesity
5 . PCOS
6. Hyperoestrogenic state
7. Black women
8. High fat diet
9. Family history
â
ī¸āĻŦā§āϞā§āϝāĻžāĻ āĻāĻŽā§āύāĻĻā§āϰ āĻā§āύ āĻĢāĻžāĻāĻŦā§āϰāϝāĻŧā§āĻĄ āĻšāĻāϝāĻŧāĻžāϰ āϏāĻŽā§āĻāĻžāĻŦāύāĻž āĻŦā§āĻļāĻŋ āĻĨāĻžāĻā§? āĻāĻžāϰāĻŖ 'Yum Yum' āĻāĻžāϝāĻŧ āϤāĻžāϤ⧠āĻĨāĻžāĻā§ "Fitoestrogen".
âī¸āĻāĻžāĻĻā§āϰ āϏāĻŽā§āĻāĻžāĻŦāύāĻž āĻāĻŽ?
1.Late menarche
2.Multiparity
3.Menopause
4.OCP use
5. Smoking
âģī¸āĻĢāĻžāĻāĻŦā§āϰāϝāĻŧā§āĻĄ āĻāϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨā§ āĻāϰāĻ āĻāĻŋ āĻāĻŋ āĻāύā§āĻĄāĻŋāĻļāύ āĻāϏā§āϏāĻŋāϝāĻŧā§āĻā§āĻĄ āĻĨāĻžāĻāϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžāϰā§?
1. Follicular cyst of the o***y
2. Endometrial hyperplasia
3. Endometrial carcinoma
4. Endometriosis
â
ī¸āĻā§āϞāĻžāϏāĻŋāĻĢāĻŋāĻā§āĻļāύ: āĻāĻŋ āĻāĻŋ āϧāϰāύā§āϰ āĻĢāĻžāĻāĻŦā§āϰāϝāĻŧā§āĻĄ āĻšāϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžāϰā§?
1. Body (corporeal): 98-99%
a. Interstitial or intramural (75%):
> 12week āĻšāϞ⧠diagnosis āĻāϰāĻž āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
b. Subperitoneal or subserous (15%): mainly Asymptomatic
c. Submucous (5%) :causes menorrhagia, so more dangerous!!!
2. Cervical : Interstitial or submucous.
âī¸āĻāĻāύ āϤāĻžāĻšāϞ⧠āĻĻā§āĻāĻŋ āĻĒā§āĻļā§āύā§āĻ āĻĒā§āϰāϧāĻžāύāϤ āĻāĻŋ āĻāĻŋ āϏāĻŽāϏā§āϝāĻž āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧā§ āĻāĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§āϰ āĻāĻžāĻā§ āĻāϏā§?
Chief complaints:
1. Progressive menorrhagia
(āĻāĻāĻžāύ⧠Menorrhagia āĻāĻž āĻāĻŋ?
Cyclical bleeding at normal interval but bleeding is excessive in amount or duration or both)
2.Dysmenorrhea (painful menstruation)
3. Heaviness in the lower abdomen for last.....years ( āϝā§āĻšā§āϤ⧠benign āĻāĻŋāĻāĻŽāĻžāϰ āϤāĻžāĻ slow growth āĻšāĻā§āĻā§l āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽā§ pelvis āĻ āĻĨāĻžāĻā§ ,āϝāĻāύ āĻŦāĻĄāĻŧ āĻšāϝāĻŧ āϤāĻāύ abdomial āĻšāϞ⧠āĻŦā§āĻāĻž āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧl)
4. H/O subfertility ( Failure to conceive within 1 year of regular unprotected coitus)
đĨāĻāĻ āϝ⧠āĻŦāϞāϞāĻžāĻŽ Progessive menorrhagia...... āĻāĻāĻžāύ⧠āĻāĻŋāĻā§āĻā§āϏ āĻāϰāϤ⧠āĻšāĻŦā§ āĻĒā§āĻļā§āύā§āĻ āĻāĻā§ āĻāϝāĻŧāĻāĻž āĻĒā§āϝāĻžāĻĄ āĻāĻāĻ āĻāϰāϤā§, āĻāĻāύ āĻĻāĻŋāύ⧠āĻāϝāĻŧāĻāĻž āĻāĻāĻ āĻāϰāϤ⧠āĻšāĻā§āĻā§ ,full soaked āĻšāϝāĻŧ āĻāĻŋāύāĻž?
*ī¸âŖāĻāĻ menorrhagia āĻāϰ āĻāĻžāϰāĻŖ āĻāĻŋ?
1. Interference with normal uterine contractility due to interposition of fibroid
2. Congestion and dilatation of the subjacent endometrial venous plexuses caused by the obstruction of the tumour
3. Associated endometrial hyperplasia (due to estrogen)
4. Pelvic congestion
5. Increased vascularity of the uterus
6. Increased surface area of the endometrium.
đĨDysmenorrhoea āĻāϰ āĻā§āώā§āϤā§āϰ⧠āϝāĻĻāĻŋ āĻŦāϞāĻŋ-
Dysmenorrhoea āĻāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧ āĻāϏāϞ⧠āϰāĻā§āϤ āĻāĻŽā§ clot āĻšāϝāĻŧā§ āĻā§āϞ⧠āϏā§āĻāĻžāĻā§ āĻāĻāĻāĻž foreign body āĻšāĻŋāϏā§āĻŦā§ āĻā§āϰāĻŋāĻ āĻāϰ⧠āĻāĻāύā§āϝ āĻāϰāĻžāϝāĻŧā§ā§ vigorous āĻāύā§āĻā§āϰāĻžāĻāĻļāύ āĻšāϝāĻŧ āϏā§āĻāĻžāĻā§ āĻŦā§āϰ āĻāϰ⧠āĻĻā§āĻāϝāĻŧāĻžāϰ āĻāύā§āϝāĨ¤)
â
ī¸āĻĢāĻžāĻāĻŦā§āϰāϝāĻŧā§āĻĄā§āϰ āĻā§āĻāϏ⧠āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽā§ āĻšāϝāĻŧ āϤāĻžāϰāĻĒāϰ Dysmenorrhoea āĻšāϝāĻŧ āĻāϰ â
ī¸āĻ
ā§āϝāĻžāĻĄā§āύā§āĻŽāĻžāĻāϏāĻŋāϏ(Adenomyosis) āĻāϰ āĻā§āώā§āϤā§āϰ⧠āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽā§ āĻšāϝāĻŧ āϤāĻžāϰāĻĒāϰ menorrhagia āĻšāϝāĻŧl
â
ī¸āĻāϰ PID āĻāϰ āĻŦā§āϝāĻĨāĻžāĻāĻž āĻļā§āϰ⧠āĻšāϝāĻŧ menstruation āĻāϰ ⧍-ā§Š āĻĻāĻŋāύ āĻāĻā§,āĻāϰ menstruation āĻļā§āϰ⧠āĻšāĻāϝāĻŧāĻžāϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨā§ āϏāĻžāĻĨā§ āĻāĻŽā§ āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
â
ī¸Tubo-ovarian mass āĻāϰ āĻā§āώā§āϤā§āϰ⧠mass āĻāĻž āĻšāĻŦā§ tender
â
ī¸Pregnancy āĻāϰ āĻā§āώā§āϤā§āϰ⧠āĻĨāĻžāĻāĻŦā§ h/o Amenorrhoea.
â
ī¸Ovarian tumor āĻāϰ āĻā§āώā§āϤā§āϰ⧠āĻā§āύ āϧāϰāύā§āϰ menstrual upset āĻĨāĻžāĻāĻŦā§ āύāĻž āĻāĻŦāĻ lump āϏāĻŦ āĻĻāĻŋāĻā§ mobile āĻšāĻŦā§l
*ī¸âŖMainly abdominal examination:
Inspection: lower abdomen in swollen.
Palpation: Central mass which is --- weeks size(must be >12weeks)
Firm in consistency, .
Percussion note: dull
*ī¸âŖPelvic examination: Uterus size engaged
, forgives are free .
đĨāĻāĻāύ āĻāϏāĻŋ āĻāĻāĻž āĻĢāĻžāĻāĻŦā§āϰāϝāĻŧā§āĻĄ āĻāύāĻĢāĻžāϰā§āĻŽ āĻāϰāĻŦā§ āĻāĻŋāĻāĻžāĻŦā§ ?
-USG(mainly TVS)
-āϏāĻžāĻĨā§ āĻāĻŋāĻā§ pre operative assessment.
âī¸âī¸āĻāĻāύ āĻāĻĨāĻž āĻšāĻā§āĻā§ āĻāϰ āĻāĻŋāĻāĻŋā§āϏāĻž āĻāĻŋ âī¸âī¸
âĄī¸āϝāĻĻāĻŋ āĻāĻāĻž āĻā§āύ āϧāϰāύā§āϰ āϏāĻŽāϏā§āϝāĻž āύāĻž āĻāϰ⧠āϤāĻžāĻšāϞ⧠āĻā§āύ āĻāĻŋāĻāĻŋā§āϏāĻžāϰ āĻĒā§āϰāϝāĻŧā§āĻāύ āύāĻžāĻāĨ¤
âĄī¸āĻāϰ symptomatic āĻšāϞā§.....
āĻāĻŋāĻā§ āĻŽā§āĻĄāĻŋāĻā§āϞ āĻā§āϰāĻŋāĻāĻŽā§āύā§āĻ āĻāĻā§ āĻāĻŋāĻā§ āϏāĻžāϰā§āĻāĻŋāĻā§āϝāĻžāϞ
âī¸Medical rx-âī¸
*ī¸âŖNon Hormonal- tranexamic acid,mefanamic acid
*ī¸âŖHormonal-
1.Anti progesterone
2.Danazol( āĻāĻāύ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻāϰāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧ āύāĻž)
3.OCP( āϝāĻžāĻĻā§āϰ āĻāĻĒāĻžāϰā§āĻāύ āĻāĻŽ āϤāĻžāĻĻā§āϰ āĻāύā§āϝ)
4.GnRH analogues ( but it causes dry va**na)
5.Fibroid āϏāĻžāĻāĻ āĻāĻŽāĻžāύā§āϰ āĻāύā§āϝ-Ulipristal acetate
âī¸âī¸Surgicalâī¸âī¸ According to the patient....
đĨIn case of young-Myomectomy(conssrvative)đĨđĨ
Myomectomy āĻāϰ āĻāĻā§ āĻ
āĻŦāĻļā§āϝāĻ
âĄī¸Semen analysis
âĄī¸Hormone analysis āĻāϰ⧠āύāĻŋāϤ⧠āĻšāĻŦā§l
âĄī¸Blood āϰā§āĻĄāĻŋ āϰāĻžāĻāϤ⧠āĻšāĻŦā§ l
âĄī¸āϏāĻžāĻĨā§ āĻĒā§āϏā§āύā§āĻāĻā§ āĻāĻžāĻāύā§āϏāĻŋāϞāĻŋāĻ āĻāϰāϤ⧠āĻšāĻŦā§ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻāύāϏā§āύā§āĻ āύāĻŋāϤ⧠āĻšāĻŦā§ āĻāĻ āĻŦāϞ⧠āϝā§
âī¸Fibroid āĻāĻŦāĻžāϰ āĻšāϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžāϰā§
âī¸āϝā§āĻāĻžāϰ āĻāύā§āϝ āϏāĻžāϰā§āĻāĻžāϰāĻŋ āĻāϰāĻž..... Menorrhagia āϏā§āĻāĻžāĻ āĻĨā§āĻā§ āϝā§āϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧠laparotomy
âī¸Pregnancy āĻāϰ āϏāĻŽā§āĻāĻžāĻŦāύāĻž āĻāĻŽ āĻāĻžāϰāĻŖ endometrium āĻā§āĻāĻāĻā§ āĻĢā§āϞāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
âī¸āĻāϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨā§ āĻāϰ⧠āĻŦāϞāϤ⧠āĻšāĻŦā§ āϝ⧠āϝāĻĻāĻŋ āĻĒā§āϰāϝāĻŧā§āĻāύ āĻšāϝāĻŧ āϤāĻžāĻšāϞ⧠Hysterectomy āĻāϰāϤ⧠āĻšāϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧠lāĻŽāĻžāύ⧠āĻāϰāĻžāϝāĻŧā§ āĻĢā§āϞ⧠āĻĻāĻŋāϤ⧠āĻšāϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžāϰā§l
đĨđĨDefinitive-TAHđĨđĨ
āϝāĻĻāĻŋ ā§Ŧā§Ģ āĻāϰ āĻāĻĒāϰ⧠āĻĨāĻžāĻā§ āϤāĻžāĻšāϞ⧠with bilateral Salphingo-oophorectomy.
āĻāĻžāϰāĻŖ
âģī¸ā§Ŧā§Ģ āĻŦāĻāϰ āĻĒāϰā§āϝāύā§āϤ o***yāĻāĻž hormonal support āĻĻā§āϝāĻŧāĨ¤ āϝā§āĻāĻž cardio-protective & prevents osteoporosis.
âĄī¸Catherization for 24 hrs
âĄī¸Drain tube for 48 hours
âĄī¸Stitch off-6th POD discharge the pt.
âī¸āϝāĻĻāĻŋ fibroid āĻāĻž untreated āϰāĻžāĻāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧ āϤāĻžāĻšāϞ⧠āĻāĻŋ āĻāĻŋ āϏāĻŽāϏā§āϝāĻž āĻšāϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžāϰā§?
1.Degenerations
2. Necrosis
3. Infection
4. Sarcomatous change (rare)
5 .Ascites: pseudo meig's syndrome
6. Torsion of subserous pedunculated fibroid
7. Haemorrhage
8. Polycythemia
âī¸Fibroid āĻāϰ āĻāĻžāϰāĻŖā§ āĻĒā§āϰā§āĻāύā§āύā§āϏāĻŋāϤ⧠āĻāĻŋ āĻāĻŋ complications āĻšāϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžāϰā§? āĻāϰ āĻĒā§āϰā§āĻāύā§āύā§āϏāĻŋ āĻāϰ āĻāύā§āϝ fibroid āĻāϰ āĻāĻĒāϰ āĻāĻŋ āĻāĻŋ āĻāĻĢā§āĻā§āĻ āĻšāϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžāϰā§?
âģī¸Effects of fibroid on pregnancy
1. Infertility
2. Abortion and premature labour
3. Malposition and malpresentation of the fetus
4. Obstructed labour
5. Postpartum haemorrhage
6. Subinvolution of the uterus
âģī¸Effects of pregnancy on fibroid
1. Increased growth of tumour
2. Degeneration
3. Torsion
4. Infection
đĢđĢāϏāĻžāϰā§āĻāĻžāϰāĻŋāϰ āĻĒāϰ⧠āĻŦāϞ⧠āĻĻāĻŋāϤ⧠āĻšāĻŦā§ āϝā§đĢđĢ
âĄī¸āϤāĻŋāύ āĻŽāĻžāϏ āĻāĻžāϰ⧠āĻāĻžāĻ āĻāϰāĻž āϝāĻžāĻŦā§ āύāĻž
âĄī¸āĻĻā§āĻĄāĻŧ āĻŽāĻžāϏ āϏāĻšāĻŦāĻžāϏ āĻāϰāĻž āϝāĻžāĻŦā§ āύāĻž
âĄī¸Contraceptive- barrier method.
âĄī¸āĻĒāϰāĻŦāϰā§āϤ⧠āĻāϰā§āĻāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖ āĻāĻ āĻŦāĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ āĻāϰāϤ⧠āĻšāĻŦā§
âĄī¸āĻĒāϰāĻŦāϰā§āϤ⧠pregnancy āĻ¤ā§ ā§Šā§¨ āϏāĻĒā§āϤāĻžāĻš āĻĨā§āĻā§ āĻĢāϞ⧠āĻāĻĒā§ āĻšāĻŦā§
âĄī¸āĻĻā§āĻ āϏāĻĒā§āϤāĻžāĻš āĻāĻā§āĻ āϏāĻŋāĻāĻžāϰ āĻāϰ⧠āĻĢā§āϞāϤ⧠āĻšāĻŦā§āĨ¤
āϧā§āϰā§āϝā§āϝ āϧāĻžāϰāĻŖ āĻāϰ⧠āĻĒāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāϰ āĻāύā§āϝ āϧāύā§āϝāĻŦāĻžāĻĻ āĨ¤
Courtesy- Jannatul Ferdousi Liza