10/08/2026
I end up telling this history more often than you’d think in my clinic, so I thought I’d share it here. We’re taking it all the way back to basics.
BoNT/A stands for botulinum neurotoxin, serotype A. Botox®, Dysport®, Xeomin®,Nuceiva® and Letybo® are all the same molecule from different companies.
It’s the same toxin that causes botulism. Scientists purified it in the early 1900s, it became medicine in the 1950s for muscles that won’t stop contracting, and by the 1970s ophthalmologists were using it for misaligned eyes.
Then, Dr Jean Carruthers (Dr Jean Carruthers | Carruthers Cosmetic), an ophthalmologist in Vancouver 🇨🇦, saw her blepharospasm patients’ frown lines soften by happy coincidence. She and Dr Alastair Carruthers published the first study in 1992, and the rest is history.
Fifty years on it’s the most reliable thing we have. One job, done well. Why that job can stop feeling like enough in your forties is episode one of The Pretty and the Gritty, link in bio.
Sources: Haney 2020; Kedlaya 2024; Pearce 2024; Whitcup 2021; Carruthers & Carruthers 1992.
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