09/05/2023
Blood Diseases :
Haemorrhage: When Blood starts oozing out of the blood vessels. Bleeding inside the intestine or due to an accident.
Hematoma: Internal bleeding causes the assembling of blood within the body, called a hematoma.
Leukemia: In blood cancer, WBCs start multiplying abnormally and circulate within the blood. WBCs are infection-fighting agents, but in leukaemia, this property is lost.
Multiple Myeloma: Blood cancer of plasma cells that further causes anaemia, failure of kidney function, and a high calcium level in the blood.
Lymphoma: The blood cancer in which WBCs multiply abnormally within the lymph nodes and tissues. Tissues swell and blood functions are disrupted, resulting in organ failure.
Anaemia: When RBCs count lowers in the blood the condition which arises is called anaemia. It can be clinically seen with the naked eye, such as breathlessness and generalised weakness.
Hemolytic anaemia: Hemolysis of RBCs causes hemolytic anaemia. In such a case, the person's immune system becomes weak and infections are easily caught by the body.
Hemochromatosis: Iron is known for its regular oxygen transport function, but when its level increases in the blood, it causes hemochromatosis. This bounded iron gets accumulated in the kidneys pancreas liver causing various complications resulting in hormonal disorders also.
Sickle cell disease: In SCA, the shape of the RBCs changes from biconcave to sickle disc-like, causing a decrease in oxygen transport, causing pain, uncomfortably in the chest and further organ damage.
Bacteremia: Bacterial infections in the blood are called bacteremia and require antibiotics for their cure.
Malaria: The parasitic organism Plasmodium causes infection of RBCs and leads to malaria. Its symptoms include fever, chills, and, if untreated, organ damage.
Thrombocytopenia: A condition of a decreased level of platelets in the blood. It can cause excessive bleeding.
Leukopenia: Very low no. of WBCs in the blood. It decreases the potential of the body fighting with external disease-causing agents.Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC): When bleeding and clotting of very small blood vessels occurs without intervals, It's present in cases of severe infections and also in cancer.
Hemophilia: It's due to the absence of blood clotting factors due to which recovering affinity of blood vessels decreases. Blood levels decrease within the body due to excessive loss.
Hypercoagulable state: Blood being prone to clotting. It can cause heart attack, and heart stroke, due to the clotting of blood and in the lungs, it causes respiration-related problems.
Polycythemia: Unusual increase in number of RBCs in the blood. It occurs due to low blood oxygen or cancer.Deep venous thrombosis (DVT): it is a disorder in which due to clotting of blood in deep seated viens, They may even stop or reach the lungs, causing a pulmonary embolism.
Myocardial infarction: A myocardial infarction, often known as a heart attack, occurs when a rapid blood clot forms in either of the coronary arteries, which no longer supplies blood to the heart and so reduces its activity.
Aplastic Anemia: Anemia in which the bone marrow is unable to produce enough blood cells( RBCs, WBCs, and platelets).
Thalassemia: It's a genetic disorder that is passed through the blood. The amount/quantity of the Hb (responsible for transporting oxygen) is decreased as a result of the body's requirement for oxygen not being fulfilled.Immune Thrombocytopenic purpura: There's a decreased number of platelets, causing an excess of bleeding and easy bruising.
Pernicious anaemia: It is an autoimmune disorder in which the body is not able to absorb the required amounts of vitamin B-12, causing a low number of RBCs.
G6PD deficiency: Ingestion of medications that create oxidant stress on RBCs, such as antimalarials (chloroquine), F sulfonamides, analgesics (phenacetin), and other miscellaneous pharmaceuticals, causes episodes of hemolysis.
Von Willebrand Disease: autosomal dominant disorder characterized by deficiency or defect of von willebrand factor. it is one of the Most common inherited disorder in which thickness of the blood decreases causing Superficial bleeding in various regions of body ,irregular menstrual symptoms and also chronic Menorrhagia , also having diagnostic finding of Bleeding time prolonged, normal or mildly increased PTT.
Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis: it is a rare disease of histiocytic infiltration of tissues most commonly bone Occurs commonly in age 1-3, Children show Lytic bone lesions, granulomas found when eosinophilic cells which Can present as pathologic fracture also Skin lesions which Can be presented as rash or ulcerative lesions also Lung cysts/nodules which can show abrupt feeling of lung with extra air pockets.
Amyloidosis: Extracellular tissue deposition of conformationally abnormal protein fibrils, most commonly in beta-pleated sheets. It is a variable multisystem infiltration that includes skin symptoms such as waxy skin, easy bruising, and nodules. Affected individuals also have an enlarged tongue, B muscles, arthropathy, Renal Insufficiency, proteinuria, nephrotic syndrome, and an increased risk of haemorrhage.
Hypercoagulability: it is the disease which occurs because of lesser activity of a person and also because of various infections relating to blood causing increase in thickness of blood.