10/08/2026
🧠 Why do some people recover quickly after a concussion or viral illness, while others continue to struggle for months—or even years?
Emerging research points to one important piece of the puzzle: persistent neuroinflammation.
Following a concussion, COVID-19, or other physiological stressors, the brain’s immune cells (called microglia) become activated to help repair damaged tissue. Normally, this response settles once healing is complete.
However, in some people, these immune cells may remain activated, leading to ongoing inflammation that can disrupt normal brain function.
This may contribute to symptoms such as:
• Brain fog
• Fatigue
• Dizziness
• Light sensitivity
• Poor memory and concentration
• Sleep disturbance
• Exercise intolerance
• Dysautonomia (including some cases of POTS)
Neuroinflammation may also affect important brain networks—including the limbic system, brainstem, and cerebellum—which help regulate memory, emotion, autonomic function, balance, eye movements, and motor learning.
One important consequence is that inflammation can interfere with neuroplasticity—the brain’s ability to adapt and rewire itself. This means that even when patients are doing the “right” rehabilitation exercises, progress may be slower because the brain is not in an optimal environment for learning and recovery.
Emerging research also suggests that photobiomodulation (low-level laser therapy) may help reduce neuroinflammation, improve mitochondrial function, increase ATP production, and support neuroplasticity. While the laboratory evidence is promising, larger, high-quality clinical trials are still needed to determine the best treatment protocols and long-term outcomes.
Recovery is rarely about treating one symptom in isolation. It often requires addressing the underlying biology while combining targeted rehabilitation to help the brain recover more effectively.