EchoNerds

25/09/2026

🤔😄How many leaflets are there in this weird mitral valve ? 🧙🏽‍♂️🧙🏼

24/09/2026

🧙‍♂️ EchoNerds Clinical Case

A 68-year-old man was referred for routine checkup

The patient had a medical history of asthma and hypertension and no family history of cardiac disease. At the time of presentation, they had no symptoms.

Transthoracic echocardiography reveals an abnormality involving the LV apex

🎥 ❓What is the MOST likely diagnosis?

A️⃣ Apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
B️⃣ Endomyocardial fibrosis with apical obliteration
C️⃣ LV apical thrombus mimicking apical hypertrophy
D️⃣ Apical LV mass / cardiac tumor

👇 What’s your answer?
A, B, C, or D?

24/09/2026

🫀 EchoNerds Clinical Scenario

A 38-year-old woman presents with progressive exertional dyspnea and fatigue over the past year. She has no history of ischemic heart disease or previous cardiac surgery.
On examination, there is a pansystolic murmur best heard at the apex, radiating toward the axilla.

🎥 ❓ What is the most likely underlying mitral valve pathology?

A. Degenerative mitral valve disease
B. Rheumatic mitral valve disease
C. Ischemic mitral regurgitation
D. Mitral valve prolapse

👇 What’s your answer, EchoNerd?

22/09/2026

🫀🔍 EchoNerds Clinical case

A completely asymptomatic patient underwent echocardiographic examination, and an unusual mobile structure is seen in the left ventricle on the clip below.

🎥 Watch the clip carefully…

❓ What is this structure?

A️⃣ Vegetation
B️⃣ Accessory mitral valve tissue
C️⃣ Left ventricular thrombus
D️⃣ Papillary fibroelastoma

💡 EchoNerds Tip:
Pay attention to the structure’s location, attachment, and mobility.

👇 What’s your answer?

🫀Case credit: Lidia Bos

21/09/2026

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Are you a new resident or a sonographer under training?

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1️⃣ Echocardiographic views mastery
2️⃣ Mitral valve anatomy
3️⃣ Mitral stenosis — assessment & quantification
4️⃣ Mitral regurgitation — assessment & quantification
5️⃣ Aortic valve anatomy
6️⃣ Aortic stenosis — assessment & quantification
7️⃣ Aortic regurgitation — assessment & quantification
8️⃣ Pulmonary valve anatomy + PS & PR
9️⃣ Tricuspid valve anatomy + TS & TR
🔟 Valvular heart disease assessment + real cases, videos & EACVI/BSE-based questions

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🎯 From basic views & anatomy → confident VHD assessment

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1️⃣ Prosthetic valves — types & identification
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3️⃣ Aortic prosthesis dysfunction
4️⃣ Advanced LV assessment
5️⃣ Advanced RV assessment
6️⃣ Ischemic heart disease in echocardiography
7️⃣ Pericardial diseases
8️⃣ Infective endocarditis
9️⃣ Diastolic function assessment
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🎥 Real cases • Clinical scenarios • Practical approach • Echo pitfalls

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20/09/2026

🫀 How to Calculate Aortic Valve Area (AVA) Using the Continuity Equation

In this lesson, we go step by step through the essential measurements and practical methodology needed to calculate AVA accurately and understand the echocardiographic assessment of aortic stenosis.

🎓 This is part of a 4-hour comprehensive lecture on Aortic Stenosis Assessment in EchoNerds Wave 1, taking you from scratch to expert level.

▶️ Watch the lesson:
(https://youtu.be/ZJUrSndLd5Q?si=0h1Xpvi_DFHFWQ5G)

📚 Explore EchoNerds Wave 1:
https://sites.google.com/view/echonerds/echonerds-wave-1

How to calculate AVA by Echocardiography using the Continuity equat...

19/09/2026

🌬🧙🏽‍♂️ A 45-year-old woman presents with progressive exertional dyspnea, fatigue, and intermittent dizziness over the past several months.

She also reports occasional episodes of palpitations and positional worsening of her symptoms.

On examination, a variable diastolic murmur is heard, and there are no significant peripheral signs of chronic valvular disease.

🎥 Watch the echocardiographic clip carefully.

❓ QUESTION

What is the most likely diagnosis based on the echocardiographic finding?

A️⃣ Right atrial myxoma
B️⃣ Right atrial thrombus
C️⃣ Tricuspid valve vegetation
D️⃣ Right atrial metastatic tumor

👇 What’s your answer?

18/09/2026

🫀 PSAX Anatomy — A Simple Guide to the Aortic Valve Level

The Parasternal Short-Axis (PSAX) view at the level of the aortic valve is one of the most important echo views for understanding the anatomy of the aortic valve, RVOT, pulmonary valve, atria, and tricuspid valve.

🔍 What are we seeing?

• 🟢 Aortic valve — seen in short axis with its three cusps:

RCC → Right coronary cusp

LCC → Left coronary cusp

NCC → Non-coronary cusp

• 🫀 RVOT — located anteriorly and surrounding the aortic root.

• 🫁 Pulmonary valve & pulmonary artery — seen anterior/superior to the aortic valve.

• 🔵 Right atrium (RA) — seen to the right/posterior side of the aortic root.

• 🟣 Left atrium (LA) — located posterior to the aortic valve.

• 🧩 Interatrial septum — separating the RA from LA.

• ❤️ Tricuspid valve — particularly the anterior tricuspid leaflet can be appreciated.

• 🔎 Left atrial appendage (LAA) — seen adjacent to the LA and is an important structure to recognize, especially when assessing LA anatomy and pathology.

🧠 Echo Nerd Tip

Don't memorize PSAX as a collection of labels!

First identify the aortic valve → orient yourself → then identify the structures surrounding it.

Once you understand the spatial relationships, PSAX becomes much easier to interpret. 🔥

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🎓 Want to master Echo from ZERO → EXPERT?

This anatomy is part of EchoNerds Wave 1 — From Basic to Advanced/Expert Level 🧠🫀

📚 Start with the fundamentals: Echo views → cardiac anatomy → valve assessment → Doppler → VHD assessment → real cases → advanced interpretation

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📖 EACVI & BSE-oriented teaching
🎥 Recorded lectures
🧩 Practical cases + videos + questions
🌍 Arabic + English

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[EchoNerds Wave 1 — Subscribe / Details]

(https://www.facebook.com/share/p/18HjmQEzDT/)

Start seeing echo as anatomy — not just as images. 🫀🧠

16/09/2026

🫀👨‍⚕️ Clinical Scenario:

A 60-year-old male patient presents for echocardiographic assessment with progressive dyspnea, orthopnea, and bilateral lower-limb edema.

He reports an episode of severe retrosternal chest pain one week ago, lasting approximately 45 minutes, associated with diaphoresis. He did not seek medical attention at that time.

On examination, he has clinical features of congestive heart failure.

🎥 Watch the echocardiography clip carefully.

The video demonstrates regional left ventricular wall motion abnormalities.

Question: What is the most likely underlying pathology?

A. Recent anterior myocardial infarction with post-MI LV systolic dysfunction

B. Dilated cardiomyopathy

C. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

D. Stress-induced (Takotsubo) cardiomyopathy

👇 Choose your answer and explain which echocardiographic findings support your diagnosis!

15/09/2026

🧬 Can You Predict the Probability of Genetic (Sarcomeric) HCM from Echo? 🪄⭐️
💛 EchoNerds | HCM Patterns of Hypertrophy

Not all hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) looks the same on echocardiography!

The distribution and shape of left ventricular hypertrophy may provide important clues about the likelihood of an underlying sarcomeric gene mutation.

🔍 Which hypertrophy patterns should you recognize?

⭐️ 1. Reverse-Curvature Septum

The interventricular septum curves toward the LV cavity, producing a characteristic reverse-curvature morphology.

🧬 This pattern has been associated with a higher likelihood of sarcomeric gene mutations in several cohort studies.

⭐️ 2. Sigmoid Septum

A prominent basal septum with a sigmoid configuration.

🌐 This pattern is frequently encountered in older patients and may also occur with hypertension or age-related remodeling.

⭐️ 3. Apical HCM

Predominant hypertrophy of the LV apex.

🧬 Sarcomeric mutations remain possible, even when hypertrophy is confined predominantly to the apex.

⭐️ 4. Focal or Basal Hypertrophy

Localized hypertrophy may be seen in different HCM phenotypes and should be interpreted in the context of the patient's age, family history, and other findings.

💡 EchoNerds Take-Home Message

The morphology of LV hypertrophy can help us recognize patients who may have genetic HCM.

No single hypertrophy pattern can confirm or exclude sarcomeric HCM.

❤️ Keep learning. Keep questioning. Keep becoming an EchoNerd!