26/07/2026
There are few ultrasound findings that generate as much anxiety as the words “true knot of the umbilical cord.” For many parents and sometimes professionals too it can quickly become synonymous with danger, intervention and caesarean birth.
But does the presence of a true knot automatically mean that something is wrong? Well, not at all.
True knots occur in around 1% of pregnancies and are thought to form early in pregnancy, when the baby is small enough to move freely through a loop of cord. Although they can look alarming, most are discovered only after the birth of a healthy baby.
The umbilical cord is an extraordinary structure. Its blood vessels are protected by Wharton’s jelly, a resilient, gelatinous substance that helps prevent compression. A true knot can exist without significantly affecting blood flow, which is why the finding itself is not necessarily a cause for concern. As always, what matters is the baby’s wellbeing, not the presence of an anatomical variation alone.
Having attended more than 200 births, one thing continues to surprise me: no two births are ever the same, remarkably diverse.
One baby is born with a true knot. Another with the cord wrapped around their neck once, twice or even thrice. Another arrives with a hand tucked beside their face, a nuchal arm, an asynclitic head, or a long loop of cord around their body. These are all variations that I have encountered, often more than once, and in the overwhelming majority of cases they have simply been part of that baby’s unique journey into the world.
The more births I witness, the less I expect them to follow a textbook. Of course, some variations do become clinically significant and require intervention. The skill lies in recognising when physiology is coping well and when it genuinely isn’t, not in assuming that every departure from the “ideal” is a pathology waiting to happen.
Perhaps that is the real question. Are we sometimes fearing the finding more than we are observing the physiology?
Every birth reminds me that nature is endlessly creative. Our challenge is to learn the difference between variation and complication and to avoid mistaking one for the other.