this is commonly found either in the cervical spine (Neck) or lumbar spine (Lower Back).This causes pain. either in the neck Associated with pain or numbness going down the hand or it presents as low back pain. which radiates down to the lower limb .it may be associated with numbness weakness heaviness or some abnormal sensation like crawling of ants. patients generally improve by non operative treatment. for 6 week.10 to 15% of patients require surgical treatment. called as DISCECTOMY(Removal of Herniated Disc). All Scientific research & latest technologies are aimed at removal of disc by minimally invasive techniques. to avoid complications and early return to work. Common disc removal techniques are laminectomy (Open Technique) and microdiscectomy (using micro scope) but these techniques require removal of normal anatomical structures to reach, the disc and hens cause complications, bleeding, backache and late recovery. Earlier endoscopic surgery was interlaminar, using tubular endoscope (medtrix), but all these have now eventually replaced by latest techniques called PELD (percutaneous transforaminal lumbar discetomy), which is now accepted as the gold standard, in treatment of cervical and lumbar disc surgery.
