Palawan Medical Students Club - PMSC

23/10/2026

🔄 Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS)

(Guyton & Hall Physiology, 14th Ed | Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine, 21st Ed)

1️⃣ Step-by-Step Pathway

① Liver: Synthesizes angiotensinogen (α₂-globulin)
② Kidney (JGA): Releases renin in response to:
↓ Renal perfusion pressure (e.g., hemorrhage)
↓ NaCl delivery to macula densa
β₁-adrenergic stimulation

③ Lung Endothelium: ACE converts Ang I → Ang II (half-life: 1–2 mins)
• Fun fact: ACE also degrades bradykinin (explains ACEi cough)

2️⃣ Angiotensin II Actions

Vascular:
• Potent vasoconstriction (via AT₁ receptors) → ↑ Systemic vascular resistance

Endocrine:
• Adrenal cortex: Stimulates aldosterone (↑ ENaC channels in CD)
• Posterior pituitary: ↑ ADH (aquaporin-2 insertion)

Renal:
• Constricts efferent > afferent arterioles → ↑ GFR (but ↓ RBF)
• ↑ Na⁺/H₂O reabsorption (PCT & CD)

3️⃣ Clinical Correlates

Hypertension:
• ACE inhibitors: ↓ Ang II + ↑ bradykinin (monitor for hyperkalemia)
• ARBs: Block AT₁ selectively (no cough)

Heart Failure:
• Aldosterone escape phenomenon → need MRAs (eplerenone/spironolactone)

Renal Artery Stenosis:
• Goldblatt kidney → ↑ renin → refractory HTN (check renal duplex)

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📊 Mnemonic: “RAAS Effects”

Retain Na⁺
Aldosterone ↑
ADH released
Sympathetic activated

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📚 Visit our website for more high-yield medical notes: mediconotes.com

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FutureDoctor

23/10/2026

16/08/2026

16/08/2026

PSMO and MIMS Philippines are strengthening access to trusted, locally relevant oncology knowledge.

04/01/2026

Happy birthday, 𝓠𝓾𝓮𝓷𝓪 𝓔𝓵𝓵𝓪! 🎊

Your PMSC family wishes you a day filled with love and endless happiness. May this special year ahead bring you warmth and wonderful memories.

Enjoy your day, Quena! 💗🌷

16/12/2025

𝗕𝘂𝗶𝗹𝗱𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗿𝗲𝗹𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻𝘀𝗵𝗶𝗽𝘀 𝘄𝗶𝘁𝗵 𝗼𝘁𝗵𝗲𝗿 𝗽𝗲𝗼𝗽𝗹𝗲 𝗶𝘀 𝗮 𝘀𝗸𝗶𝗹𝗹—to connect, learn, and grow. As medical students and future medical practitioners, we will be more exposed to different settings where we will encounter people with different stories, and it's important to learn from them. Having empathy fosters a deeper connection with one another. May these small steps help us shape and become the medical practitioner we could ask for.

The Palawan Medical Students Club was so glad to be invited to this Community Conversion and Fellowship Gathering. We had so much fun serving and interacting with people of the future of the progressive community.

Note: Permission to post the faces of these individuals was given prior to posting.

✍️: Xyrel Baneked
🎞️: Febelyn Karylle Pastor

15/12/2025

The Palawan Medical Students Club was invited to join in the Community Conversion and Fellowship Gathering with Cong. Gil Acosta Jr. at Bgy. Culandanum, Aborlan, in partnership with CYP and WPU CCFG.

As medical students, we'd like to experience serving in a community and to connect with other people—students and future partners.

15/12/2025

The Palawan Medical Students Club conducted an online meeting last November 28, 2025, for plans for the year 2026 and talked about improving courtesy and assertive communication in hospitals with our speaker, Mr. Ed Bacaro, RN, PAFR, Founding Chairman of PMSC.

06/12/2025

𝓗𝓪𝓹𝓹𝔂 𝓫𝓲𝓻𝓽𝓱𝓭𝓪𝔂 to our PIO, 𝓔𝓻𝓲𝓬𝓪 🌷🎀

The Palawan Medical Students Club wishes you more blessings, love, 𝗷𝗼𝘆, and hope as you celebrate another beautiful milestone in your life. Your dedication, passion, and unwavering commitment truly make a difference.

May you continue to inspire creativity and leadership—may this year bring you endless ideas to share and countless reasons to smile.

Here's to more achievements and more memories to create🥂

01/12/2025

𝓗𝓪𝓹𝓹𝔂 𝓫𝓲𝓻𝓽𝓱𝓭𝓪𝔂 to one of our Board of Directors—𝓟𝓻𝓲𝓷𝓬𝓮𝓼𝓼 𝓛𝓪𝔂𝓬𝓪 𝓜𝓪𝓻𝓲𝓮𝓼𝓱! 🎊

The Palawan Medical Students Club wishes you happiness, blessings, and all the good things that you truly deserve. Your dedication and passion had shaped the organization’s vision. May this new chapter bring you fulfillment. Continue to lead, inspire, and make a difference. 🩵🤍