09/28/2026
How Old Is the Secret Book of John?
The Secret Book of John describes an extraordinary revelation from Yeshua to John.
But when was the text itself actually written?
We don’t know the exact year.
Its origins appear to belong to the second century, and the work seems to have developed through more than one ancient textual form.
By around 180 CE, however, Irenaeus was already describing a creation mythology containing striking parallels:
Barbelo.
A transcendent Father.
Divine emanations.
Christ.
Sophia and lower creative powers.
That means some form of this theological tradition was already circulating within the diverse world of second-century Christianity.
And the surviving manuscripts show us something else fascinating.
We have four Coptic witnesses to the Secret Book of John:
- Nag Hammadi Codex II
- Nag Hammadi Codex III
- Nag Hammadi Codex IV
- Berlin Codex 8502
They preserve both longer and shorter versions of the text.
So rather than imagining ancient religious books appearing instantly in their final form, we’re looking at something much more human:
texts being copied, transmitted, preserved, debated, and developed over time.
Tomorrow:
Why were texts like this buried?
https://www.matrix-hypnosis.com
References
Barton, J. (2020). A history of the Bible: The book and its faiths. Penguin Books.
Davies, S. (Trans.). (2005). The Secret Book of John (The Apocryphon of John). The Gnostic Society Library. Retrieved November 21, 2023, from http://gnosis.org/naghamm/apocjn-davies.html
Irenaeus. (1885). Against heresies, Book I, Chapter 29 (A. Roberts & W. Rambaut, Trans.). In A. Roberts, J. Donaldson, & A. C. Coxe (Eds.), Ante-Nicene Fathers (Vol. 1). Christian Literature Publishing Co. (Original work written ca. 180 CE). https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0103129.htm
King, K. L. (2006). The Secret Revelation of John. Harvard University Press.
Litwa, M. D. (2024). Did “the Gnostic heresy” influence Valentinus? An investigation of Irenaeus, Against Heresies 1.11.1 and 1.29. Vigiliae Christianae, 78(2), 138–160. https://doi.org/10.1163/15700720-bja10068
Thomassen, E. (2025). A source-critical translation of the Apocryphon of John (short recension). Gnosis: Journal of Gnostic Studies, 10(1), 46–76. https://doi.org/10.1163/2451859X-01001002
Waldstein, M., & Wisse, F. (1995). The Apocryphon of John: Synopsis of Nag Hammadi Codices II,1; III,1; and IV,1 with BG 8502,2 (Nag Hammadi and Manichaean Studies, Vol. 33). Brill. https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004439658