10/28/2026
PCOS is now known as PMOS - Polyendocrine Metabolic Ovarian Syndrome
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Polycystic o***y syndrome (PCOS) is increasingly understood as a complex condition involving hormonal and metabolic changes throughout the body, rather than a disorder affecting only the ovaries.
PCOS affects an estimated 10–13% of women of reproductive age worldwide. It is associated with irregular menstrual cycles, elevated androgen levels, acne, excessive hair growth, and difficulties with ovulation.
One of its major features is insulin resistance, which means the body’s cells do not respond normally to insulin. The pancreas may compensate by producing more insulin, which can contribute to increased androgen production and further hormonal disruption.
However, not everyone with PCOS has insulin resistance. The condition varies considerably between individuals, and researchers believe genetic, hormonal, and environmental factors all contribute.
PCOS is also associated with a higher risk of type 2 diabetes, abnormal cholesterol levels, high blood pressure, and sleep apnea. These risks make long-term metabolic health an important part of medical care.
The reproductive effects remain significant. PCOS is a leading cause of irregular ovulation and infertility, although many affected individuals can conceive naturally or with treatment.
International evidence-based guidelines published in 2023 emphasize that PCOS requires comprehensive care addressing metabolic health, reproductive symptoms, and psychological well-being.
Scientists have not established that PCOS is exclusively or primarily metabolic rather than reproductive. It is best understood as a condition affecting multiple interconnected systems.
Source: World Health Organization; 2023 International Evidence-Based Guideline for PCOS; Monash University.
